Wear and tear of desktop class 4TB HDD model WD40EZRX-22SPEB0
Vendors issue very optimistic figures on MTBF of their drives. Actual values are much lower. From avherald.com:
Yes, I always have a good number of HDDs on stock - they usually fail after 20,000-50,000 hours (2.2 years to 5.7 years) although the manufacturer claims a MTBF of 1.6 million hours (182 years).
The above matches well other experience: SMART/HDD/WDC/README.md at master · linuxhw/SMART · GitHub
A thorough test of the drive was squeezing the existing 4TB ext4 partition, adding a btrfs partition and rsyncing the two. Then the ext4 on partition sdb1 was deleted and the unused space added to btrfs on sdb2.
erlangen:~ # btrfs filesystem usage -T /media/61fc4107-d7da-4c0b-a1f4-d92aa6fc1d26/
Overall:
Device size: 3.64TiB
Device allocated: 1.17TiB
Device unallocated: 2.47TiB
Device missing: 0.00B
Device slack: 0.00B
Used: 1.17TiB
Free (estimated): 2.47TiB (min: 1.24TiB)
Free (statfs, df): 2.47TiB
Data ratio: 1.00
Metadata ratio: 2.00
Global reserve: 512.00MiB (used: 0.00B)
Multiple profiles: no
Data Metadata System
Id Path single DUP DUP Unallocated Total Slack
-- --------- ------- -------- --------- ----------- ------- -----
1 /dev/sdb2 1.16TiB 6.00GiB 16.00MiB 762.10GiB 1.91TiB -
2 /dev/sdb1 6.00GiB - - 1.72TiB 1.73TiB -
-- --------- ------- -------- --------- ----------- ------- -----
Total 1.16TiB 3.00GiB 8.00MiB 2.47TiB 3.64TiB 0.00B
Used 1.16TiB 2.50GiB 176.00KiB
erlangen:~ #
Issuing btrfs device remove /dev/sdb2 resulted in a fatal failure. Moving blocks using this command is a great sanity check of any drive.
Metadata are perfectly consistent:
erlangen:~ # btrfs check --force /dev/sdb2
Opening filesystem to check...
WARNING: filesystem mounted, continuing because of --force
Checking filesystem on /dev/sdb2
UUID: 61fc4107-d7da-4c0b-a1f4-d92aa6fc1d26
[1/7] checking root items
[2/7] checking extents
[3/7] checking free space tree
[4/7] checking fs roots
[5/7] checking only csums items (without verifying data)
[6/7] checking root refs
[7/7] checking quota groups skipped (not enabled on this FS)
found 1278897782784 bytes used, no error found
total csum bytes: 1246301616
total tree bytes: 2684928000
total fs tree bytes: 1093910528
total extent tree bytes: 148422656
btree space waste bytes: 423718490
file data blocks allocated: 1276212854784
referenced 1276212854784
erlangen:~ #
However data are rotten as exposed by the numerous errors in the journal.
erlangen:~ # smartctl -A /dev/sdb
smartctl 7.3 2022-02-28 r5338 [x86_64-linux-6.4.4-1-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-22, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME FLAG VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE UPDATED WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate 0x002f 200 200 051 Pre-fail Always - 3191
3 Spin_Up_Time 0x0027 253 175 021 Pre-fail Always - 2291
4 Start_Stop_Count 0x0032 091 091 000 Old_age Always - 9028
5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct 0x0033 200 200 140 Pre-fail Always - 0
7 Seek_Error_Rate 0x002e 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
9 Power_On_Hours 0x0032 080 080 000 Old_age Always - 14636
10 Spin_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032 100 100 000 Old_age Always - 0
12 Power_Cycle_Count 0x0032 097 097 000 Old_age Always - 3493
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 130
193 Load_Cycle_Count 0x0032 198 198 000 Old_age Always - 8928
194 Temperature_Celsius 0x0022 114 107 000 Old_age Always - 38
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
197 Current_Pending_Sector 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 3
198 Offline_Uncorrectable 0x0030 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count 0x0032 200 200 000 Old_age Always - 0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate 0x0008 200 200 000 Old_age Offline - 108
erlangen:~ #
Backup of infamous host erlangen now relies on SSDs and NAS grade HDDs:
- Samsung model: SSD 970 EVO Plus 2TB , size: 1.82 TiB
- Seagate model: ST8000VN004-2M2101 size: 7.28 TiB