Startx has been deprecated for a while (apart for root) and is npt expected to do anything useful.
Things to try (and report back on):
IceWM
Openbox (Xfce is sort of an Openbox theme)
SDDM (the default lightweight desktop manager)
and most importantly
Was that re-installing and formatting partitions or keeping /home/username ?
If the latter try creating a new user to check whether the problem is with your user’s xfce configuration.
A small comment…
AFAIK XFCE has never installed using lightdm by default (but who knows, I’m not in front of a LEAP 15 XFCE at the moment).
The Display Manager has always been gdm.
To inspect, verify and if you wish change (not recommended unless you know what you are doing…
Sorry, but I know that at least as far back as 42.1 (probably farther back), Xfce does automatically install LightDM and use it when the Xfce pattern is chosen, not GDM.
I have run into similar problems in a couple instances in the past. My solution was to install and switch to the KDM Display Manager. I suggest you try switching to XDM, and if that does not work, try installing and switching to KDM.
They usually work well in Xfce, though LightDM is a bit snappier (when it works).