What's your systemd-analyze boot time?

I’m curious if anyone can beat mine :sunglasses:

  • Dell Latitude 5591 (hw-probe)
  • i5-8400H, UEFI
  • Samsung 980 PRO Gen3
  • Tumbleweed, Xfce
  • About 12 seconds cold-boot to usable desktop
Startup finished in 3.200s (firmware) + 458ms (loader) + 325ms (kernel) + 1.379s (initrd) + 2.435s (userspace) = 7.800s 
graphical.target reached after 2.435s in userspace.

https://www.youtube.com/shorts/mn-oWPEzYK8


Command to run:

systemd-analyze

That IMNSHO is a nonsense question . You don’t show what you run and what is disabled. systemd-analyze blame would give a much better representation.

I’m thinking anyone coming close to my time might freely share how they did it :sunglasses: (averages seem to be 20s)

My hw-probe seemingly has blame though! It also has hints to everything else (grub shows my kernel parameters, modprobe.d on the main page has fun stuff)


Dracut/initrd tweaks are interesting though:

sudo -e '/etc/dracut.conf.d/99-tweaks.conf' && sudo dracut --force --regenerate-all
# Compression
compress="cat"

# Strip
do_strip="yes"
aggressive_strip="yes"
hostonly="yes"
hostonly_mode="strict"
reproducible="no"
enhanced_cpio="no"
i18n_install_all="no"
early_microcode="no"
nofscks="yes"

kernel_cmdline="rd.luks=0 rd.lvm=0 rd.md=0 rd.dm=0 quiet bgrt_disable mitigations=off"

omit_drivers+=" intel_oc_wdt iTCO_wdt iTCO_vendor_support thunderbolt "
omit_dracutmodules+=" i18n resume suse-xfs terminfo kernel-modules-extra "

# End
  • plymouth would be in omit_dracutmodules+ but I remove the package with zypper rm
  • No compression on initrd is faster than any compression even zstd (my drive’s faster than the CPU-side decompress process :sunglasses:)

@Espionage724-0x1 what’s a few seconds here and there :wink:

Each step needs to be looked at, for example firmware is pretty much it aside from BIOS options set, loader, hide it if single boot… Your kernel and Initd can for sure be tweaked to omit many more devices these days. User space is very DE dependent.

I can knock a few seconds off with dracut tweaks, but meh, is it worth the effort. I just want the system to be up and running when I come back with a coffee :wink:

However it’s a good indicator along with blame to see what is what, especially for maintenance or relabel going on.

HP Z440 (Tumbleweed) (NVMe) (grub-efi);

systemd-analyze 
Startup finished in 1.545s (kernel) + 2.666s (initrd) + 5.256s (userspace) = 9.468s 
graphical.target reached after 5.227s in userspace.

Dell 5820 Workstation (Tumbleweed) (grub-bls) (OS on Hardware RAID 1 SSDs);

systemd-analyze 
Startup finished in 789ms (kernel) + 3.586s (initrd) + 8.261s (userspace) = 12.638s 
graphical.target reached after 8.236s in userspace.

Dell Optiplex XE3 (Leap 16.0) (grub-efi) (NVMe)

systemd-analyze 
Startup finished in 12.565s (firmware) + 3.916s (loader) + 1.042s (kernel) + 3.035s (initrd) + 6.156s (userspace) = 26.717s 
graphical.target reached after 6.101s in userspace.

Dell OptiPlex 3080 Micro (Aeon) (systemd-boot FDE) (NVMe)

systemd-analyze 
Startup finished in 6.707s (firmware) + 1.765s (loader) + 584ms (kernel) + 3.858s (initrd) + 4.063s (userspace) = 16.979s 
graphical.target reached after 4.063s in userspace.
2 Likes


i prefer to SEE the boot sequence involved - by making a svg of it

23 sec.
yes i know "network manager " is slowing things down

1 Like

I’d like to request my posts and this thread deleted (not sure if message center mail went anywhere)

Sorry to see you leaving :frowning_face: Might pay to send another?

Content is not deleted, to have content anonymized, there is a link in the Forum FAQ on what to do.

tw2026:~ # systemd-analyze
Startup finished in 4.820s (firmware) + 1.144s (loader) + 466ms (kernel) + 2.176s (initrd) + 4.403s (userspace) = 13.011s 
graphical.target reached after 4.403s in userspace.
tw2026:~ # 

What really matters is login prompt at 6.3 seconds:

tw2026:~ # journalctl --output short-monotonic --boot 0 --unit init.scope --grep Reached
[    1.107634] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Path Units.
[    1.655775] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target System Initialization.
[    1.655889] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Basic System.
[    1.723535] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Initrd Root Device.
[    2.379686] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Preparation for Remote File Systems.
[    2.379749] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Remote File Systems.
[    2.420299] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Initrd Root File System.
[    2.441042] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Initrd File Systems.
[    2.441101] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Initrd Default Target.
[    2.490407] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Switch Root.
[    3.287900] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Preparation for Local File Systems.
[    4.212248] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Local File Systems.
[    5.280787] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target System Initialization.
[    5.282424] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Path Units.
[    5.284066] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Socket Units.
[    5.316755] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Basic System.
[    5.416641] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Preparation for Network.
[    5.439560] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Bluetooth Support.
[    5.579403] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Sound Card.
[    6.170796] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Network.
[    6.327774] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Login Prompts.
[    6.374187] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target System Time Synchronized.
[    6.376895] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Timer Units.
[    7.046280] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Multi-User System.
[    7.046409] tw2026 systemd[1]: Reached target Graphical Interface.
tw2026:~ # 

Current Tumbleweed runs on legacy hardware:

tw2026:~ # inxi -zFy222
System:    Kernel: 6.18.4-1-default arch: x86_64 bits: 64
           Console: pty pts/0 Distro: openSUSE Tumbleweed 20260109
Machine:   Type: Desktop Mobo: BIOSTAR model: H81MHV3 v: 5.0 serial: N/A Firmware: UEFI vendor: American Megatrends v: 4.6.5 date: 03/16/2021
CPU:       Info: dual core model: Intel Core i3-4130 bits: 64 type: MT MCP cache: L2: 512 KiB
           Speed (MHz): avg: 800 min/max: 800/3400 cores: 1: 800 2: 800 3: 800 4: 800
Graphics:  Device-1: Intel 4th Generation Core Processor Family Integrated Graphics driver: i915 v: kernel
           Display: unspecified server: X.org v: 1.21.1.21 with: Xwayland v: 24.1.8 driver: X: loaded: modesetting unloaded: vesa dri: crocus gpu: i915 tty: 236x54 resolution: 1920x1080
           API: EGL v: 1.5 drivers: crocus,swrast platforms: gbm,surfaceless,device
           API: OpenGL v: 4.6 compat-v: 4.5 vendor: mesa v: 25.3.3 note: console (EGL sourced) renderer: Mesa Intel HD Graphics 4400 (HSW GT2), llvmpipe (LLVM 21.1.7 256 bits)
           API: Vulkan v: 1.4.335 drivers: intel,llvmpipe surfaces: N/A
           Info: Tools: api: eglinfo, glxinfo, vulkaninfo de: kscreen-console,kscreen-doctor wl: wayland-info x11: xdpyinfo, xprop, xrandr
Audio:     Device-1: Intel Xeon E3-1200 v3/4th Gen Core Processor HD Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
           Device-2: Intel 8 Series/C220 Series High Definition Audio driver: snd_hda_intel
           API: ALSA v: k6.18.4-1-default status: kernel-api
Network:   Device-1: Intel Wi-Fi 6 AX200 driver: iwlwifi
           IF: wlp1s0 state: up mac: <filter>
           Device-2: Realtek RTL8111/8168/8211/8411 PCI Express Gigabit Ethernet driver: r8169
           IF: enp2s0 state: down mac: <filter>
Bluetooth: Device-1: Intel AX200 Bluetooth driver: btusb type: USB
           Report: btmgmt ID: hci0 state: up address: <filter> bt-v: 5.2
Drives:    Local Storage: total: 465.76 GiB used: 10.57 GiB (2.3%)
           ID-1: /dev/sda vendor: Samsung model: SSD 850 EVO 500GB size: 465.76 GiB
Partition: ID-1: / size: 47.85 GiB used: 10.51 GiB (22.0%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/sda4
           ID-2: /boot/efi size: 99.8 MiB used: 54 MiB (54.2%) fs: vfat dev: /dev/sda1
           ID-3: /home size: 47.85 GiB used: 10.51 GiB (22.0%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/sda4
           ID-4: /opt size: 47.85 GiB used: 10.51 GiB (22.0%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/sda4
           ID-5: /var size: 47.85 GiB used: 10.51 GiB (22.0%) fs: btrfs dev: /dev/sda4
Swap:      Alert: No swap data was found.
Sensors:   System Temperatures: cpu: 34.0 C mobo: N/A
           Fan Speeds (rpm): N/A
Info:      Memory: total: 8 GiB available: 7.68 GiB used: 757 MiB (9.6%) igpu: 32 MiB
           Processes: 164 Uptime: 1h 21m Init: systemd Shell: Bash inxi: 3.3.40
tw2026:~ # 

Installed software:

tw2026:~ # zypper search --type pattern --details --installed-only 
Loading repository data...
Reading installed packages...

S  | Name          | Type    | Version       | Arch   | Repository
---+---------------+---------+---------------+--------+-----------------------
i+ | base          | pattern | 20241218-22.1 | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | documentation | pattern | 20241218-22.1 | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i+ | enhanced_base | pattern | 20241218-22.1 | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | fonts         | pattern | 20170319-12.3 | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | games         | pattern | 20220126-1.9  | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i+ | kde           | pattern | 20240311-4.1  | noarch | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | kde_pim       | pattern | 20240311-4.1  | noarch | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | kde_plasma    | pattern | 20240311-4.1  | noarch | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | minimal_base  | pattern | 20241218-22.1 | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | multimedia    | pattern | 20201106-5.1  | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | office        | pattern | 20170506-3.18 | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i+ | selinux       | pattern | 20241218-22.1 | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | sw_management | pattern | 20241218-22.1 | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i+ | x11           | pattern | 20241218-22.1 | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i+ | x11_yast      | pattern | 20220411-1.9  | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | x86_64_v3     | pattern | 20230201-3.5  | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i+ | yast2_basis   | pattern | 20220411-1.9  | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
i  | yast2_desktop | pattern | 20220411-1.9  | x86_64 | Haupt-Repository (OSS)
tw2026:~ # 

Services started at boot:

tw2026:~ # journalctl --output short-monotonic --boot 0 --unit init.scope --grep Started
[    0.997123] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files.
[    1.106849] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Show Plymouth Boot Screen.
[    1.107384] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Forward Password Requests to Plymouth Directory Watch.
[    3.377649] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files.
[    3.923365] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Show Plymouth Boot Screen.
[    4.244554] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Load/Save RF Kill Switch Status.
[    5.280573] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Security Audit Logging Service.
[    5.280893] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Watch /etc/sysconfig/btrfsmaintenance.
[    5.281355] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Watch for changes in CA certificates.
[    5.282251] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started CUPS Scheduler.
[    5.282309] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Watch for changes in smartmontools sysconfig file.
[    5.282358] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Hourly Cleanup of Snapper Snapshots.
[    5.282392] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Daily Cleanup of Temporary Directories.
[    5.314386] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started D-Bus System Message Bus.
[    5.328091] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started irqbalance daemon.
[    5.388585] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Machine Check Exception Logging Daemon.
[    5.438566] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Bluetooth service.
[    5.438976] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack.
[    5.485286] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Self Monitoring and Reporting Technology (SMART) Daemon.
[    5.508739] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started User Login Management.
[    5.512895] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Switcheroo Control Proxy service.
[    5.519298] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started wtmpdb daemon.
[    5.545874] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Authorization Manager.
[    5.561340] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Hostname Service.
[    5.613570] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Network Manager Script Dispatcher Service.
[    5.622758] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Modem Manager.
[    6.168310] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Network Manager.
[    6.268028] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started WPA Supplicant daemon.
[    6.327336] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Getty on tty1.
[    6.372903] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started CUPS Scheduler.
[    6.373594] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started NTP client/server.
[    6.374407] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Backup of RPM database.
[    6.374610] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Backup of /etc/sysconfig.
[    6.374838] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Balance block groups on a btrfs filesystem.
[    6.375054] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Defragment file data and/or directory metadata.
[    6.375261] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Scrub btrfs filesystem, verify block checksums.
[    6.375465] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Discard unused blocks on a mounted filesystem.
[    6.375670] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Check if mainboard battery is Ok.
[    6.375911] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Discard unused filesystem blocks once a week.
[    6.376133] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Daily rotation of log files.
[    6.376332] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Daily man-db regeneration.
[    6.376537] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Timeline of Snapper Snapshots.
[    6.376740] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Monthly rotation of wtmpdb.
[    6.514616] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started OpenSSH Daemon.
[    6.839105] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started X Display Manager.
[    7.044265] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Postfix Mail Transport Agent.
[    7.046057] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Command Scheduler.
[    7.658318] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started User Manager for UID 462.
[    7.659233] tw2026 systemd[1]: Started Session 1 of User sddm.
tw2026:~ # 

The KDE user session takes 5 seconds:

karl@tw2026:~> journalctl --output short-monotonic --user --boot 0 --unit init.scope -g Started
[ 5613.619644] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Submitting pending crash events (file monitor).
[ 5613.619780] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Cleanup lingering KCrash metadata.
[ 5613.619825] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Daily Cleanup of User's Temporary Directories.
[ 5613.631233] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Cleanup lingering KCrash metadata.
[ 5613.942488] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started D-Bus User Message Bus.
[ 5614.086056] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started dbus-:1.2-org.kde.KSplash@0.service.
[ 5614.129692] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started KDE Window Manager.
[ 5614.165318] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started KDE Global Shortcuts Server.
[ 5614.168173] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Baloo File Indexer Daemon.
[ 5614.203125] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started sandboxed app permission store.
[ 5614.228658] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started flatpak document portal service.
[ 5614.678949] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started PipeWire Multimedia Service.
[ 5614.681015] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Multimedia Service Session Manager.
[ 5615.140423] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started KDE Config Module Initialization.
[ 5615.145203] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Unlock kwallet from pam credentials.
[ 5615.377040] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started KDE Session Management Server.
[ 5615.389395] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started KDE Daemon 6.
[ 5615.424269] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started User preferences database.
[ 5615.551393] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started PipeWire PulseAudio.
[ 5615.830878] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Bluetooth OBEX service.
[ 5616.005723] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started KDE Plasma Workspace.
[ 5616.007322] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Consume pending crashes using DrKonqi.
[ 5616.008881] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Proxies GTK DBus menus to a Plasma readable format.
[ 5616.012436] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started KAccess.
[ 5616.029400] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Handle legacy xembed system tray icons.
[ 5616.066324] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started KActivityManager Activity manager Service.
[ 5616.293493] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started KDE PolicyKit Authentication Agent.
[ 5616.380605] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Xdg Desktop Portal For KDE.
[ 5618.009844] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Powerdevil.
[ 5618.057790] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Welcome launcher.
[ 5618.075178] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Plasma Session Restore.
[ 5618.076284] tw2026 systemd[2125]: Started Calendar Reminders.
karl@tw2026:~> 

-y222 for inxi means after clicking the enlarge perimeter button on the code block I must unzoom 3 times (smaller text than normal) to get all 222 columns onto the screen at once, along with about 20rem of whitespace on both sides. Of course, unzooming 3 times makes it illegible.

You may try “View Code” in the right upper corner of the code section.

That’s exactly what “the enlarge perimeter button on the code block” meant. Hovering it does not tell me that the icon means view code, nor the one next to it, unlike icons at the bottom of each post. Whether or not I click it, I’m viewing the page, including code blocks within.

I prefer long lines without line breaks:

Fine for your own use, not here where line length is constrained by the forum page’s CSS. Your screenshot shows what your browser does is just like what mine does here, but with the big difference that I can’t read mousetype, so fonts here must be 3-4 times as big, and can’t fit the available space.

pavin@suse-pc:~> systemd-analyze time
Startup finished in 17.440s (firmware) + 20.984s (loader) + 728ms (kernel) + 7.005s (initrd) + 41.836s (userspace) = 1min 27.995s 
graphical.target reached after 41.836s in userspace.

Here’s mine, don’t think it paints the full picture. :framed_picture:
My firmware is slow :snail: but I do kexec reboots so the firmware and loader parts don’t count 99% of the time. I do firmware boots once every few months only.

The userspace time is also misleading, my vanilla Gnome desktop is up and usable long before some of the slower services I have like an LVM RAID on top of a bunch of USB drives and containers become online. :shamrock:

Offtopic edit: why is discourse changing my 4 leaf clover emoji to 3 leaf :shamrock: :poop::four_leaf_clover:

Likewise:

knurpht@Lenovo-P16:~> systemd-analyze
Startup finished in 12.590s (firmware) + 4.019s (loader) + 650ms (kernel) + 3.521s (initrd) + 7.785s (userspace) = 28.568s 
graphical.target reached after 7.625s in userspace.
knurpht@Lenovo-P16:~>

and:

knurpht@Lenovo-P16:~> systemd-analyze blame --no-pager
12.215s backup-rpmdb.service
 5.458s mariadb.service
 3.464s sys-devices-platform-NTC0702:00-tpmrm-tpmrm0.device
 3.464s dev-tpmrm0.device
 3.463s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-serial8250:0-serial8250:0.0-tty-ttyS0.device
 3.463s dev-ttyS0.device
 3.462s dev-ttyS1.device
 3.462s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-serial8250:0-serial8250:0.1-tty-ttyS1.device
 3.462s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-serial8250:0-serial8250:0.2-tty-ttyS2.device
 3.462s dev-ttyS2.device
 3.461s dev-ttyS3.device
 3.461s sys-devices-platform-serial8250-serial8250:0-serial8250:0.3-tty-ttyS3.device
 3.448s sys-module-configfs.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2did-scsi\x2d35000000000000001.device
 3.373s sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:08.3-0000:66:00.3-usb6-6\x2d1-6\x2d1:1.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2did-wwn\x2d0x5002538e00000000.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:66:00.3\x2dusbv3\x2d0:1:1.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2did-usb\x2dSamsung_Portable_SSD_T5_12345685015E\x2d0:0.device
 3.373s dev-sda.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:66:00.3\x2dusb\x2d0:1:1.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2did-ata\x2dSamsung_Portable_SSD_T5_S49XNR0N700659X.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2ddiskseq-2.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:66:00.3\x2dusb\x2d0:1:1.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0\x2dpart-by\x2duuid-5ba14c4d\x2d320d\x2d43b4\x2db50a\x2dcdbe…
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2did-ata\x2dSamsung_Portable_SSD_T5_S49XNR0N700659X\x2dpart1.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2did-wwn\x2d0x5002538e00000000\x2dpart1.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:66:00.3\x2dusbv3\x2d0:1:1.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0\x2dpart1.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:66:00.3\x2dusb\x2d0:1:1.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0\x2dpart-by\x2dpartnum-1.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2duuid-5ba14c4d\x2d320d\x2d43b4\x2db50a\x2dcdbecd969fc6.device
 3.373s sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:08.3-0000:66:00.3-usb6-6\x2d1-6\x2d1:1.0-host0-target0:0:0-0:0:0:0-block-sda-sda1.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2dpartuuid-71ea5b76\x2d10e2\x2d48fc\x2d94e7\x2df19750b3ea73.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2ddiskseq-2\x2dpart1.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:66:00.3\x2dusb\x2d0:1:1.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0\x2dpart1.device
 3.373s dev-sda1.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2did-scsi\x2d35000000000000001\x2dpart1.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2did-usb\x2dSamsung_Portable_SSD_T5_12345685015E\x2d0:0\x2dpart1.device
 3.373s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:66:00.3\x2dusb\x2d0:1:1.0\x2dscsi\x2d0:0:0:0\x2dpart-by\x2dpartuuid-71ea5b76\x2d10e2\x2d48fc\x2d94e7\x2d…
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2deui.ace42e0035dae32b2ee4ac0000000001\x2dpart2.device
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2duuid-980a6220\x2dcd3f\x2d4564\x2daec8\x2d2ef3f375f5e3.device
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2dpartuuid-3bad3ccc\x2dd2f3\x2d44c5\x2d911a\x2dbfad3e7a2417.device
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2dSKHynix_HFS001TEJ9X162N_AJC9N467010809C5E_1\x2dpart2.device
 3.343s sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:02.4-0000:03:00.0-nvme-nvme0-nvme0n1-nvme0n1p2.device
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart-by\x2dpartuuid-3bad3ccc\x2dd2f3\x2d44c5\x2d911a\x2dbfad3e7a2417.device
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart-by\x2duuid-980a6220\x2dcd3f\x2d4564\x2daec8\x2d2ef3f375f5e3.device
 3.343s dev-nvme0n1p2.device
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2ddiskseq-1\x2dpart2.device
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart-by\x2dpartnum-2.device
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart2.device
 3.343s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2dSKHynix_HFS001TEJ9X162N_AJC9N467010809C5E\x2dpart2.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2dpartuuid-85e85368\x2d47f2\x2d4a70\x2d828d\x2d78e7a4cb1e0c.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2duuid-3419\x2d10D6.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart-by\x2dpartnum-1.device
 3.340s dev-nvme0n1p1.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2dSKHynix_HFS001TEJ9X162N_AJC9N467010809C5E\x2dpart1.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2deui.ace42e0035dae32b2ee4ac0000000001\x2dpart1.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2ddiskseq-1\x2dpart1.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart-by\x2duuid-3419\x2d10D6.device
 3.340s sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:02.4-0000:03:00.0-nvme-nvme0-nvme0n1-nvme0n1p1.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart1.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2dSKHynix_HFS001TEJ9X162N_AJC9N467010809C5E_1\x2dpart1.device
 3.340s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart-by\x2dpartuuid-85e85368\x2d47f2\x2d4a70\x2d828d\x2d78e7a4cb1e0c.device
 3.336s sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:02.4-0000:03:00.0-nvme-nvme0-nvme0n1.device
 3.336s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1.device
 3.336s dev-nvme0n1.device
 3.336s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2dSKHynix_HFS001TEJ9X162N_AJC9N467010809C5E_1.device
 3.336s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2deui.ace42e0035dae32b2ee4ac0000000001.device
 3.336s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2dSKHynix_HFS001TEJ9X162N_AJC9N467010809C5E.device
 3.336s dev-disk-by\x2ddiskseq-1.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart-by\x2dpartnum-3.device
 3.334s dev-nvme0n1p3.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2duuid-56B0\x2dAF5F.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2deui.ace42e0035dae32b2ee4ac0000000001\x2dpart3.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2dpartuuid-cdab8440\x2d1a5f\x2d47e0\x2d80df\x2dd4177f9609a8.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart3.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2ddiskseq-1\x2dpart3.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart-by\x2dpartuuid-cdab8440\x2d1a5f\x2d47e0\x2d80df\x2dd4177f9609a8.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2dSKHynix_HFS001TEJ9X162N_AJC9N467010809C5E_1\x2dpart3.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2did-nvme\x2dSKHynix_HFS001TEJ9X162N_AJC9N467010809C5E\x2dpart3.device
 3.334s dev-disk-by\x2dpath-pci\x2d0000:03:00.0\x2dnvme\x2d1\x2dpart-by\x2duuid-56B0\x2dAF5F.device
 3.334s sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:02.4-0000:03:00.0-nvme-nvme0-nvme0n1-nvme0n1p3.device
 1.985s dracut-initqueue.service
 1.567s sys-devices-pci0000:00-0000:00:08.1-0000:64:00.0-drm-card1-card1\x2deDP\x2d1-amdgpu_bl1.device
 1.126s tailscaled.service
 1.009s systemd-vconsole-setup.service
  928ms docker.service
  841ms plymouth-switch-root.service
  734ms fwupd.service
  428ms plymouth-quit-wait.service
  392ms initrd-switch-root.service
  354ms apache2.service
  231ms firewalld.service
  203ms NetworkManager.service
  196ms dracut-pre-udev.service
  182ms sshd.service
  159ms tlp.service
  144ms user@1001.service
  129ms unbound-anchor.service
  119ms systemd-journal-flush.service
   88ms systemd-udev-trigger.service
   84ms chronyd.service
   74ms wtmpdb-update-boot.service
   69ms cups.service
   63ms upower.service
   61ms apparmor.service
   61ms virtqemud.service
   59ms bolt.service
   58ms logrotate.service
   53ms geoclue.service
   51ms udisks2.service
   47ms auditd.service
   44ms systemd-udevd.service
   43ms smartd.service
   43ms backup-sysconfig.service
   41ms zramswap.service
   41ms accounts-daemon.service
   39ms kbdsettings.service
   38ms systemd-hostnamed.service
   38ms systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-3419\x2d10D6.service
   37ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service
   36ms tpm2-abrmd.service
   36ms lvm2-monitor.service
   35ms plymouth-quit.service
   34ms polkit.service
   32ms wpa_supplicant.service
   32ms systemd-backlight@backlight:amdgpu_bl1.service
   32ms systemd-random-seed.service
   31ms audit-rules.service
   30ms boot-efi.mount
   29ms cockpit-issue.service
   29ms systemd-journald.service
   28ms avahi-daemon.service
   27ms systemd-logind.service
   26ms plymouth-start.service
   25ms cockpit.socket
   25ms dracut-cmdline.service
   25ms systemd-fsck-root.service
   24ms initrd-parse-etc.service
   24ms systemd-backlight@leds:tpacpi::kbd_backlight.service
   23ms switcheroo-control.service
   23ms iscsi.service
   23ms boot-grub2-i386\x2dpc.mount
   22ms systemd-tmpfiles-clean.service
   22ms bluetooth.service
   22ms boot-grub2-x86_64\x2defi.mount
   21ms wtmpdbd.service
   21ms rtkit-daemon.service
   21ms home.mount
   20ms user-runtime-dir@1001.service
   20ms plymouth-read-write.service
   19ms mcelog.service
   19ms \x2esnapshots.mount
   18ms soft-reboot-cleanup.service
   17ms modprobe@configfs.service
   16ms systemd-binfmt.service
   16ms sound-extra.service
   16ms dev-hugepages.mount
   15ms dev-mqueue.mount
   15ms systemd-machined.service
   15ms sys-kernel-debug.mount
   14ms modprobe@sd_mod.service
   14ms dbus-broker.service
   14ms sys-kernel-tracing.mount
   14ms check-battery.service
   13ms tmp.mount
   13ms purge-kernels.service
   12ms kmod-static-nodes.service
   11ms dracut-shutdown.service
   11ms modprobe@drm.service
   11ms opt.mount
   10ms dracut-pre-pivot.service
   10ms modprobe@fuse.service
    9ms root.mount
    9ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev-early.service
    9ms modprobe@nvme_fabrics.service
    9ms initrd-cleanup.service
    9ms srv.mount
    8ms proc-sys-fs-binfmt_misc.mount
    8ms usr-local.mount
    8ms systemd-modules-load.service
    7ms var.mount
    7ms systemd-remount-fs.service
    7ms alsa-restore.service
    6ms systemd-udev-load-credentials.service
    6ms systemd-sysctl.service
    5ms systemd-user-sessions.service
    5ms systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service
    4ms blk-availability.service
    4ms docker.socket
    4ms modprobe@dm_mod.service
    4ms initrd-udevadm-cleanup-db.service
    4ms kernel-sysctl.service
    3ms modprobe@efi_pstore.service
    3ms modprobe@loop.service
    3ms sys-fs-fuse-connections.mount
knurpht@Lenovo-P16:~> 
1 Like

Users may want to skip devices and show the top 20:

erlangen:~ # systemd-analyze blame|grep -v device\$|head -22
1min 3.373s dup.service
    36.834s plocate-updatedb.service
    18.480s btrbk.service
     5.071s dracut-initqueue.service
     2.895s Crucial.mount
     1.078s fetchmail.service
      934ms man-db.service
      927ms boot-efi.mount
      777ms NetworkManager.service
      603ms initrd-switch-root.service
      404ms postfix.service
      279ms backup-rpmdb.service
      275ms apache2.service
      208ms user@1000.service
      171ms modprobe@dm_mod.service
      170ms modprobe@loop.service
      167ms upower.service
      164ms Backup.mount
      152ms dracut-pre-udev.service
      140ms \x2esnapshots.mount
      139ms wtmpdb-update-boot.service
      139ms boot-grub2-i386\x2dpc.mount
erlangen:~ # 

The display needs to match your eyes. I use:

Font size is KDE defaults:

Mom (98) suffers from Macular degeneration. She switched from a 16" notebook to an ASUS NUC 14 Essential mounted to the back of an 32" external display. She uses Scale 300% and Font size 15pt. Viewing distance is 10". She uses the mouse wheel for vertical scroll and shift+mouse wheel for horizontal scroll.

That it does. My browsers are set to default sizes to match my environment, not the tiny sizes web page sizes designers have traditionally preferred, and the small sizes web browsers I’m familiar with still get provided as defaults.

With preformatted text boxes, the upper right hand corner has an icon you can click (when you hover over it) to expand the size of the text window so you don’t have to scroll horizontally. It will use - as far as I can tell - the entire width of your screen (I just tried it on my ultra-wide monitor, and it extended almost the full width).

Except as I explained to Karl, that’s not how it works here. That button does what it’s supposed to do, except that it cannot go far enough to fit 222 columns without scrolling and at the same time keep text legible. To exacerbate the issue, the forum formatting wastes much space at the sides even with code block expanded. Only during post composition is the side waste reduced to negligible. Web page constructors universally fail to show any understanding that while browser windows can be narrowed when reducing line length is desired by the reader, the opposite is impossible when the browser text size is custom (enlarged) and/or its window already fullscreen, which here, and I’ve often seen elsewhere, they virtually always are. Good, comfortable text size to line length ratio is often very difficult to get from the web, though it has improved noticeably since constructors began favoring needs of mobile device users. Discourse formatting isn’t so bad either, but its variable output length pages, like Facebook’s, by whatever their W3C name, are horribly annoying to scroll through on any but shorter threads.

Why almost? Why not entire? That’s an example of the excess whitespace.