For anyone who is interested, I tested openSUSE on Apple’s new 2015 12 inch Retina MacBook today. There seem to be surprisingly few Google search results describing anyone attempting to install any distribution of Linux on the new 12 inch Retina MacBook. After quite extensive searching, the only reference to anyone else trying Linux on the new MacBook was someone trying Arch Linux. That report noted that with the live edition of Arch Linux, the MacBook was able to boot from USB into Linux, but that the built-in keyboard, trackpad, and Broadcom 802.11ac adapter did not function. Other information that I came across seemed to suggest that using the newest kernel version possible might provide for a better likelihood of the Broadcom 802.11ac adapter being supported. Here is the link I saw:
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=195924
Therefore, I attempted to install the newest build of openSUSE Tumbleweed, with the 4.0 Linux kernel. In attempting to do so, I had a very similar experience to what I had read about with Arch Linux, which is that openSUSE was able to boot into the installation program, and everything seemed to work fine, except for the built-in keyboard, trackpad, and Broadcom 802.11ac wireless adapter. I attempted to temporarily get around these issues during the install process by using an Apple USB-C to USB-A adapter with an ordinary powered USB hub plugged into it, and plugging my openSUSE Tumbleweed USB installation flash drive, an Apple USB keyboard, a Logitech USB optical mouse, and an Apple USB Ethernet adapter into the USB hub. This seemed to work perfectly fine, and allowed me to proceed with my install. However, I was, unfortunately, not able to get much further than that, because once it was time to partition the disk, I found that openSUSE only recognized the SanDisk USB thumb drive that I was using as my installation media, and did not recognize the built-in Apple SSD at all.
According to the system information in Mac OS X Yosemite, the SSD appears to be a NVMe (Non-Volatile Memory Express) SSD. It is important to note that other people who may wish to try Linux with their new 12 inch Retina MacBooks might have a slightly different experience than me, as my MacBook was custom ordered to have the upgraded 1.3 GHz processor and 500 GB SSD, which is larger than the default SSD, so would be a different chip than a default build of this MacBook that is not custom ordered would have. I explored this further by also attempting to boot the Ubuntu Live distribution, and found that it had exactly the same result and did not recognize my SSD at all. I next created a GParted Live USB stick and booted from that, and GParted was also unable to recognize my SSD at all. After that, I created a Live openSUSE Tumbleweed bootable USB stick, and booted with that; it also failed to recognize the SSD, but otherwise ran great and was quite stable and enjoyable to use on the new MacBook. So, it would appear that out of openSUSE, Ubuntu, and GParted (appeared to be built off of Debian during the boot process), so far no Linux distribution has been able to recognize my SSD.
Interestingly, when installing Windows 8.1, the Bootcamp drivers provided by Apple are installed last, after the Windows disk partitioning and installation have already taken place, yet Windows was able to recognize the drive and I was able to create and format an NTFS partition using the Windows installation software. I did not use the Apple provided Bootcamp utility to create the Windows partition in Mac OS X, as I initially tried that, and it was a complete mess, requiring hours of time to reinstall OS X and fix everything. The Windows 8.1 installation program also seemed to have no difficulty recognizing the built-in keyboard or trackpad even before the Bootcamp drivers were installed at the end of Windows installation.
After seeing the device ID of the Broadcom adapter in the new MacBook, it seems unlikely that there currently is a Linux driver available for it, based upon what I have read. From what I have read about the model of Broadcom BCM4360 in this MacBook, there are 2 currently known device IDs, 14E4:4360 and 14E4:43A0, and 14E4:43A0 is supported by the wl Linux driver and the 14E4:4360 is not supported by any Linux driver. However, my MacBook has a new device ID that is not one of those 2 IDs that I read about, and is not mentioned in anything I have read about this chip before, which is 14e4:43a3.
I have posted this information mostly just to get the conversation started about getting Linux onto this model of MacBook, and to get some specific and detailed information about this hardware out into the open, so that others wishing to try Linux on this new MacBook have something to look at to see what works, what doesn’t work, and find some hopefully useful information about the hardware components that aren’t currently working, in hopes that, over time, perhaps people can figure out a way to get Linux fully functioning on this new model of MacBook. If anyone has any ideas or suggestions to get any of this non-working hardware working, please post them.