Many thanks you!
Thanks to your advice, I read several logs of the latest boots and found a couple of new errors. I found some information in this thread and read about troubles with ventoy, which I used to install. So, in recovery mode I remove the parameters rdinit=/vtoy/vtoy of ventoy and that fixed everything! I can’t even imagined, that the problem was with ventoy…
For experiment, I tried to removing these parameters in grub and boot, and that worked too. A big thanks to you!