What is the significance of the + sign as in drw-rw---- + boot boot etc.
Cannot find it in any of my books.
Budgie2
Can you show the actual context, with command and full display?
The digit after the perms is a link count, and I see just numbers on files, dirs, device files, sockets and pipes.
What is a “link count?”
I’ve never paid attention to those numbers.
Thx
Every node in the file system is reference counted. When this is decremented to 0 by unlink(2) in say the rm command, then if the file is not open, it is deleted, and when a file is closed if it’s link count is 0 the data is deleted.
Files can have several directory entries pointing to their permissions, size and block data. Using link(2) usually via ln command you can create new ‘hard’ links. Soft links are implemented differently and have a pathname stored either in a data block, or if they’re small together with the inode data for efficiency reasons.
Every directory in UNIX style filesystems has a link count of a minimum of 2, because it contains an entry for ‘.’, linked to itself when the kernel creates it. sub-directories add links to a directory via the ‘…’ entry.
Try ls -ai, to see the directory entries and inode numbers and have a play with it.
so I might assume that a directory with a number 7 has 5 subdirectories (5 minus 1 for . and 1 for …)?
And a number 1 means a file?
This is interesting. Thanks for the unlink info, too.
Pax
If the line starts with a ‘d’ then yes, under ext3 yes, for instance the find(1) man page says :
-noleaf
Do not optimize by assuming that directories contain 2 fewer subdirectories than their hard link count. This option is needed when searching filesystems that do not follow the Unix directory-link convention, such as CD-ROM or MS-DOS filesystems or AFS volume mount points. Each directory on a normal Unix filesystem has at least 2 hard links: its name and its .' entry. Additionally, its subdirectories (if any) each have a …’ entry linked to that directory. When find is examining a directory, after it has statted 2 fewer subdirectories than the directory’s link count, it knows that the rest of the entries in the directory are non-directories (`leaf’ files in the directory tree). If only the files’ names need to be examined, there is no need to stat them; this gives a significant increase in search speed.
The link count of ‘1’ could be pipe (p), socket (s), or device (c or b), not just files, so you can tell by the ‘-’ char, on ls output before the perms giving the type. Files can also have a higher number of links, than 1.
Anyway so I think the OP must be using an unusual filesystem, or have peculiar output for another reason.
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1
It means you have additional ACL information… check out the man pages
for ‘setfacl’ and ‘getfacl’.
Good luck.
Budgie2 wrote:
> What is the significance of the + sign as in drw-rw---- + boot boot
> etc.
> Cannot find it in any of my books.
> Budgie2
>
>
-----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
Version: GnuPG v1.4.2 (GNU/Linux)
Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org
iD8DBQFJlbwR3s42bA80+9kRAm4qAJoDKxTt0mc7ZPfHwx1uaj0vK9zjCwCeMVfb
chlbjfitTtoC/C1BrOquZ4g=
=ydC3
-----END PGP SIGNATURE-----
Many many thanks. Exactly what I needed. man acl also gave helpful overview. It makes sense and confirms that I have correct permissions set, so I can look elsewhere for solution to my problem.
Regards,
Budgie2
Yes, and Mac OS/X also has those ACLs, they’re Posix ACLs. So you now know something about OS/X even without getting near one. Isn’t it nice how there are some common standards among Unix lineage OSes?