USB floppy device can't read

Sorry, I don’t seem to have that … no /var/log/journal present. So, earlier journal entries are gone.
However, I just remember, I have posted already here: https://forums.opensuse.org/showthread.php/539689-USB-floppy-device-can-t-read?p=2931581#post2931581 journalctl information. This was at the time, when the USB-device was still not working. Maybe that helps?

status      block size   kb
formatted    2880  512 1440
formattable  2880  512 1440
formattable  1232 1024 1232
formattable  2400  512 1200

“formatted 2880 512 1440” - what format you have on your diskette
“formattable x x x” - what is available for your diskette

Prerequistes

ufiformat needs /dev/sg* SCSI pass-thru device to operate. If the device does not exist, add the driver by invoking modprobe sg.

You often need to be root to do anything with /dev/sd*.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MtoolsMtools - GNU Project - Free Software Foundation

The errors logged point to shaky hardware or media. The drive doesn’t work. And then it works. Check your cables and connectors. Check for faulty hardware: In 2003 BIOS failed to detect both IDE disks. The culprit turned out to be a faulty DVD burner. Save your media as images and use these.

I was afraid that this could be the reason for the non-reproducible tests. So, following your suggestion, I guess I will try to do what was my initial intention with these media: copy all the legacy floppies to the Linux system. And hope for the best that the USB-device will not break again before this work is done.

Thank you all for contributing, although the result is finally not really satisfactory.