Because of a previous problem with the installation of Kernel Version 5.3.18-150300.59.43.1-x86_64, I have avoided installing it in the meantime, so that the current update includes a transition from kernel-default *40 directly to *46 (including update corresponding kernel-default-preempt).
preempt kernel seems to have appeared as a result of the attempts to recover from the faulty *43 installation two weeks ago. I was cautious about removing without risking locking myself out of a working system. Even though the kernel-default version is *40, kernel-default-preempt is loaded at boot-up. The boot-up sequence starts with a warning.
If I select to “start-up with read-only snapshot” then I am offered a long list of *43-preempt" kernels and one that looks like it might be a *36 version. All of which seem to be risky options.
If, on the other hand, I let the start-up option message time out, it proceeds to offer alternatives which lead either to loading the *40-preempt or I can select deliberately the *40-default.
I would appreciate some advice to clean up the boot process, i.e. how to safely install and use the *46-default kernel by default.
If everything seems to work normally on the .59.40 kernel, remove all other kernels, then run zypper up. If you get another readonly error message, it needs to be determined why it’s happening and correct it. I’ve installed .59.46 on multiple installations without incident.
Not quite sure what you mean by ‘run zypper up’. I am used to doing it via YaST Software Manager/update, which must amount to the same thing with graphics, or have you something else in mind?.
I currently have only .59.40 (default) and .59.40 (preempt) installed. Running the YaST update still generates the read-only message.
Are you suggesting that I first remove the preempt?
I haven’t used YaST for updating in many years, so am too unfamiliar with the process to recommend what to do using it except in general terms. If it was mine, I’d be using zypper ro remove the preempt, and zypper to install .59.46 default.
I have no experience with running on BTRFS snapshots. I’m guessing you’ll need to boot rescue mode from installation media, chroot to the installed system, so that your / will mount RW, so that you can then install the good and remove the bad. Alternatively, boot an older snapshot in RW mode and update normally from it.
Using YaST, my attempt to remove the .59.40 kernel-preempt kernel first caused a dependency conflict requiring removal of the corresponding preempt-extra and preempt-optional packages as well. However, proceeding with that leads to error message
The immediate problem is not which kernel you are running, but your read-only file system state. That needs correcting before any packages can be added or removed. Are you using the BTRFS filesystem? If you are, you need to attract the attention of someone familiar with it. I am not. Look at /etc/fstab to see whether it has a group of BTRFS entries rather than one EXT4 for the entire / filesystem. The simplest way forward, if using BTRFS, I’m guessing, since it’s the installation default, is probably to reinstate a good snapshot, so that you can boot it in read-write mode and update from there. There are probably threads here that could be found by searching that cover what to do with BTRFS stuck in read-only mode. If you cannot find one, start a new thread with stuck in read-only mode in the message subject.
So you’re using BTRFS, and need help from someone familiar with turning a read-only BTRFS filesystem readable.
There may be another possible way to get it read/write if your BTRFS isn’t corrupted. In general terms, since I don’t know BTRFS commands, and have nothing to do with BTRFS on a running system to run man pages on:
boot the installation system to rescue mode
perform a filesystem check on the BTRFS filesystem
btrfs filesystem show
Label: none uuid: 357c1741-159a-4cb7-ac75-bc52d06c06d4
Total devices 1 FS bytes used 170.14GiB
devid 1 size 221.56GiB used 179.05GiB path /dev/sda3
btrfs filesystem usage -T /
Overall:
Device size: 221.56GiB
Device allocated: 179.05GiB
Device unallocated: 42.52GiB
Device missing: 0.00B
Used: 170.14GiB
Free (estimated): 50.09GiB (min: 50.09GiB)
Data ratio: 1.00
Metadata ratio: 1.00
Global reserve: 154.78MiB (used: 0.00B)
Data Metadata System
Id Path single single single Unallocated
-- --------- --------- --------- -------- -----------
1 /dev/sda3 177.01GiB 2.01GiB 32.00MiB 42.52GiB
-- --------- --------- --------- -------- -----------
Total 177.01GiB 2.01GiB 32.00MiB 42.52GiB
Used 169.43GiB 729.19MiB 48.00KiB
journalctl -b -g btrfs --no-pager
-- Logs begin at Thu 2022-02-10 19:04:13 CET, end at Thu 2022-02-10 22:15:21 CET. --
Feb 10 19:04:13 linux-lueh dracut-cmdline[164]: Using kernel command line parameters: resume=UUID=67d97dbf-fe17-45e2-9144-6afb0bb64232 root=UUID=357c1741-159a-4cb7-ac75-bc52d06c06d4 rootfstype=btrfs rootflags=rw,relatime,ssd,space_cache,subvolid=268,subvol=/@/.snapshots/1/snapshot,subvol=@/.snapshots/1
Feb 10 19:04:20 linux-lueh kernel: Btrfs loaded, crc32c=crc32c-generic, assert=on
Feb 10 19:04:20 linux-lueh kernel: BTRFS: device fsid 357c1741-159a-4cb7-ac75-bc52d06c06d4 devid 1 transid 1126051 /dev/sda3
Feb 10 19:04:20 linux-lueh kernel: BTRFS info (device sda3): disk space caching is enabled
Feb 10 19:04:20 linux-lueh kernel: BTRFS info (device sda3): has skinny extents
Feb 10 19:04:20 linux-lueh kernel: BTRFS info (device sda3): enabling ssd optimizations
Feb 10 19:04:23 linux-lueh kernel: BTRFS info (device sda3): disk space caching is enabled
Feb 10 19:04:48 linux-lueh systemd[1]: Started Watch /etc/sysconfig/btrfsmaintenance.
Feb 10 19:05:06 linux-lueh systemd[1]: Started Balance block groups on a btrfs filesystem.
Feb 10 19:05:06 linux-lueh systemd[1]: Started Scrub btrfs filesystem, verify block checksums.
Feb 10 19:14:48 linux-lueh kernel: BTRFS info (device sda3): qgroup scan completed (inconsistency flag cleared)
**Leap-15-3:~ #** btrfs check --force /dev/sda3
Opening filesystem to check...
WARNING: filesystem mounted, continuing because of --force
Checking filesystem on /dev/sda3
UUID: 85d405ec-d559-49a1-b59c-5c5c9f176724
[1/7] checking root items
[2/7] checking extents
[3/7] checking free space cache
[4/7] checking fs roots
[5/7] checking only csums items (without verifying data)
[6/7] checking root refs
[7/7] checking quota groups
found 14197792768 bytes used, no error found
total csum bytes: 12496788
total tree bytes: 597819392
total fs tree bytes: 556285952
total extent tree bytes: 24985600
btree space waste bytes: 100340934
file data blocks allocated: 149810364416
referenced 43082620928
**Leap-15-3:~ #**
**Leap-15-3:~ #** journalctl -b -u btrfs-balance.service
-- Logs begin at Fri 2021-08-06 10:17:37 CEST, end at Fri 2022-02-11 04:47:50 CET. --
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 systemd[1]: Started Balance block groups on a btrfs filesystem.
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Before balance of /
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Data, single: total=16.01GiB, used=12.67GiB
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: System, single: total=32.00MiB, used=16.00KiB
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Metadata, single: total=1.01GiB, used=570.11MiB
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: GlobalReserve, single: total=39.50MiB, used=0.00B
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Dateisystem Größe Benutzt Verf. Verw% Eingehängt auf
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: /dev/sda3 53G 15G 38G 28% /
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Done, had to relocate 0 out of 23 chunks
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Dumping filters: flags 0x1, state 0x0, force is off
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: DATA (flags 0x2): balancing, usage=5
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Done, had to relocate 0 out of 23 chunks
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Dumping filters: flags 0x1, state 0x0, force is off
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: DATA (flags 0x2): balancing, usage=10
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Done, had to relocate 0 out of 23 chunks
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Done, had to relocate 0 out of 23 chunks
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Dumping filters: flags 0x6, state 0x0, force is off
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: METADATA (flags 0x2): balancing, usage=3
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: SYSTEM (flags 0x2): balancing, usage=3
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Done, had to relocate 1 out of 23 chunks
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: After balance of /
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Data, single: total=16.01GiB, used=12.67GiB
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: System, single: total=32.00MiB, used=16.00KiB
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Metadata, single: total=1.01GiB, used=570.17MiB
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: GlobalReserve, single: total=39.50MiB, used=0.00B
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: Dateisystem Größe Benutzt Verf. Verw% Eingehängt auf
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 btrfs-balance.sh[2516]: /dev/sda3 53G 15G 38G 28% /
Feb 11 04:44:27 Leap-15-3 systemd[1]: btrfs-balance.service: Succeeded.
**Leap-15-3:~ #**
**Leap-15-3:~ #** journalctl -b -u btrfs-scrub.service
-- Logs begin at Fri 2021-08-06 10:17:37 CEST, end at Fri 2022-02-11 04:47:50 CET. --
Feb 11 04:45:04 Leap-15-3 systemd[1]: Started Scrub btrfs filesystem, verify block checksums.
Feb 11 04:45:04 Leap-15-3 btrfs-scrub.sh[2598]: Running scrub on /
Feb 11 04:45:42 Leap-15-3 btrfs-scrub.sh[2598]: scrub device /dev/sda3 (id 1) done
Feb 11 04:45:42 Leap-15-3 btrfs-scrub.sh[2598]: scrub started at Fri Feb 11 04:45:04 2022 and finished after 00:00:38
Feb 11 04:45:42 Leap-15-3 btrfs-scrub.sh[2598]: total bytes scrubbed: 13.22GiB with 0 errors
Feb 11 04:45:42 Leap-15-3 systemd[1]: btrfs-scrub.service: Succeeded.
**Leap-15-3:~ #**
Thank you so much for pick up that baton.
The results of the first steps are similar to yours, i.e. btrfs-check on /dev/sda3 succeeded, systemctl services btrfs-balance and btrfs-scrub services both started without error.
journalctl of balance.service ended with
-- Logs begin at Fri 2022-02-11 10:35:34 CET, end at Fri 2022-02-11 11:07:35 CET. --
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh systemd[1]: Started Balance block groups on a btrfs filesystem.
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Before balance of /
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Data, single: total=177.01GiB, used=169.44GiB
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: System, single: total=32.00MiB, used=48.00KiB
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Metadata, single: total=2.01GiB, used=729.06MiB
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: GlobalReserve, single: total=154.55MiB, used=0.00B
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: /dev/sda3 238G 183G 54G 78% /
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Done, had to relocate 0 out of 182 chunks
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Dumping filters: flags 0x1, state 0x0, force is off
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: DATA (flags 0x2): balancing, usage=5
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Done, had to relocate 0 out of 182 chunks
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Dumping filters: flags 0x1, state 0x0, force is off
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: DATA (flags 0x2): balancing, usage=10
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Done, had to relocate 0 out of 182 chunks
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Done, had to relocate 0 out of 182 chunks
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Dumping filters: flags 0x6, state 0x0, force is off
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: METADATA (flags 0x2): balancing, usage=3
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: SYSTEM (flags 0x2): balancing, usage=3
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Done, had to relocate 1 out of 182 chunks
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: After balance of /
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Data, single: total=177.01GiB, used=169.44GiB
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: System, single: total=32.00MiB, used=48.00KiB
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Metadata, single: total=2.01GiB, used=729.06MiB
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: GlobalReserve, single: total=154.55MiB, used=0.00B
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh btrfs-balance.sh[4527]: /dev/sda3 238G 183G 54G 78% /
Feb 11 11:07:18 linux-lueh systemd[1]: btrfs-balance.service: Succeeded.
However, the journalclt from the scrub.service exited earlier than yours
journalctl -b -u btrfs-scrub.service
-- Logs begin at Fri 2022-02-11 10:35:34 CET, end at Fri 2022-02-11 11:07:35 CET. --
Feb 11 11:07:35 linux-lueh systemd[1]: Started Scrub btrfs filesystem, verify block checksums.
Feb 11 11:07:35 linux-lueh btrfs-scrub.sh[4555]: Running scrub on /
I rebooted and repeated the whole sequence. Everything is as before. Here are the two outputs you request.
linux-lueh:/ # btrfs check --force /dev/sda3
Opening filesystem to check...
WARNING: filesystem mounted, continuing because of --force
Checking filesystem on /dev/sda3
UUID: 357c1741-159a-4cb7-ac75-bc52d06c06d4
[1/7] checking root items
[2/7] checking extents
[3/7] checking free space cache
[4/7] checking fs roots
[5/7] checking only csums items (without verifying data)
[6/7] checking root refs
[7/7] checking quota groups
found 182692823040 bytes used, no error found
total csum bytes: 90605524
total tree bytes: 764379136
total fs tree bytes: 602062848
total extent tree bytes: 45662208
btree space waste bytes: 138568600
file data blocks allocated: 198264967168
referenced 190080778240
linux-lueh:/ #
linux-lueh:/ # journalctl -b -u btrfs-scrub.service
-- Logs begin at Fri 2022-02-11 15:18:00 CET, end at Fri 2022-02-11 15:29:29 CET. --
Feb 11 15:28:34 linux-lueh systemd[1]: Started Scrub btrfs filesystem, verify block checksums.
Feb 11 15:28:34 linux-lueh btrfs-scrub.sh[4018]: Running scrub on /
linux-lueh:/ #
As you can see the scrub.service journal exits at this early line.