I’ve installed rtl8821cu-kmp-default and applied the MOK certificate, blocked the old modules.
I still can’t establish connection with my wifi hotspot: NetworkManager lists me available connections, I try mine and it keeps asking me for the WiFi password in the Wi-Fi password dialog from KDE Daemon.
In a few days I’ll be able to try it with my friend’s phone as the hotspot. In the meantime maybe I can post some useful logs here?