Backend is packagekit.service running in the system slice, which is a sane procedure. Out of curiosity I upgraded Tumbleweed from 20231016 to 20240107 using the applet in the system tray. Needed to run twice, upgrading some 1400 packages and another 25.
openSUSE Documentation on system upgrade is available:
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Installing or removing software | Start-Up | openSUSE Leap 15.5
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Managing software with command line tools | Reference | openSUSE Leap 15.5
Graphical tools are nice. The catch is the complexity hidden from the user. Issues as the above one are hard to assess due to poor user awareness.