On your PC’s tumbleweed I note an Acer AOD255 (V3.12(DDR3)) with a 32-bit 3.4.3-30-default kernel, and alsa driver 1.0.25, alsa library 1.0.24.1, and alsa utilities 1.0.24.2.
The arecord confirms the hw:0,0 that you noted:
ARECORD
**** List of CAPTURE Hardware Devices ****
card 0: Intel [HDA Intel], device 0: ALC272 Analog [ALC272 Analog]
Subdevices: 1/1
Subdevice #0: subdevice #0
But your PC’s mixer has 2 settings I do not understand:
!!Amixer output
!!-------------
!!-------Mixer controls for card 0 [Intel]
Card hw:0 'Intel'/'HDA Intel at 0x58200000 irq 44'
Mixer name : 'Realtek ALC272'
Simple mixer control 'Mic',0
Capabilities: pvolume pswitch penum
Playback channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Playback 0 - 31
Mono:
Front Left: Playback 0 [0%] -34.50dB] [off]
Front Right: Playback 0 [0%] -34.50dB] [off]
Simple mixer control 'Digital',0
Capabilities: cvolume penum
Capture channels: Front Left - Front Right
Limits: Capture 0 - 120
Front Left: Capture 60 [50%] [0.00dB]
Front Right: Capture 60 [50%] [0.00dB]
Why have the Mic playback ‘off’ and muted to 0% ? I recommend you unmute that on your PC.
Why have digital capture down to 50% on your PC? Note the scale may not be linear. That might mute this for pulse. Move that up to 80% to 90%. You can always lower it later if you get recording distortion.
One worrisome thing is this in the dmesg:
20.886060] ALSA patch_realtek.c:1317 realtek: No valid SSID, checking pincfg 0x4016892d for NID 0x1d
20.886069] ALSA patch_realtek.c:1333 realtek: Enabling init ASM_ID=0x892d CODEC_ID=10ec0272
it appears it had difficult recognizing the ALC272. I don’t know if that matters.