Your description smells rather like https://bugzilla.opensuse.org/show_bug.cgi?id=1177384 and a DVI thread here a few days ago. I sense something has been going on with CRTC programming that isn’t getting adequate testing before getting mainlined. You may wish to report a bug that mirrors 1177384, as it may get quick attention if reported anything like 1177384. ISTR similar trouble with certain display and connector combinations within the past several months, DVI working as expected, but HDMI and/or DP not.
I bought a 4k once, but quickly returned it, and haven’t found a suitable deal since, so sticking with 2k and 1920x1200 for now, and preferring DisplayPorts anyway. I like having latching connectors, as I do a lot of switching, and don’t always manage on first try to tell when an HDMI connector is in all the way.
Does it help to use an older than latest kernel? Which openSUSE are you running? Why not use DisplayPort? Are you using a TV rather than a computer monitor?
HDMI 2.0 or HDMI 2.0a also supports 4K video at 60 Hz: HDMI - Wikipedia
HDMI 2.0 increases the maximum bandwidth to 18.0 Gbit/s.[112]](HDMI - Wikipedia)[113]](HDMI - Wikipedia)[114]](HDMI - Wikipedia) HDMI 2.0 uses TMDS encoding for video transmission like previous versions, giving it a maximum video bandwidth of 14.4 Gbit/s. This enables HDMI 2.0 to carry 4K video at 60 Hz with 24 bit/px color depth.