@valc_2024 your logic is flawed, the openSUSE Full DVD installer offers full control over the location via the expert partitioner, just select to not use the selected partitions and then point everything required at the external device. The problem will be is the system using Legacy or UEFI boot as that determines what type of disk type is needed (well you can use gpt and pmbr).
Again, work with your IT department to set this all up. Or via a spare computer.
Install grub inside your external disk and then use UEFI of your computer to load the efi file inside the external disk. Do not share the EFI part of your host system.
You have to use installer to firstly part the disk and then install the system. Other hacky methods may exist but I am not familiar with that.
This is most definitely limitation of whatever installer was used. SUSE installer has no problems with creating additional ESP on the external SSD and it also has the option to prevent updating of NVRAM, thus having zero impact on the existing installation. May be it should have “Removable drive” option as well.