I have wanted to do this several times.
Just found this by chance in the man page, and I have tried it on xfs and ext4 partitions.
Telcontar:~ # hdparm --fibmap /home_aux/registro
/home_aux/registro:
filesystem blocksize 4096, begins at LBA 3690496; assuming 512 byte sectors.
byte_offset begin_LBA end_LBA sectors
0 3690960 3691143 184
Telcontar:~ #
Telcontar:~ # hdparm --fibmap /root/hello
/root/hello:
filesystem blocksize 4096, begins at LBA 53641098; assuming 512 byte sectors.
byte_offset begin_LBA end_LBA sectors
0 91762882 91762889 8
Telcontar:~ #
The reverse command would be very useful, for finding what file is affected by damage on a disk. Some filesystems have it easy, some very difficult.
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Cheers / Saludos,
Carlos E. R.
(from 13.1 x86_64 “Bottle” at Telcontar)