Externe Festplatte - S.M.A.R.T.-Werte auslesen

TX4278123 · April 25, 2017, 3:30pm

Hallo,

ist es möglich, die S.M.A.R.T.-Werte externer Festplatten auszulesen? Ich habe GSmartControl installiert, aber egal welche externe Festplatte verschiedener Hersteller ich per USB mit dem openSUSE-Rechner verbinde, erscheint jedes Mal die Meldung, dass Smart-Werte von diesem Medium nicht identifiziert werden können.

Es existiert ein mittlerweile bereits fast sieben Jahre alter Artikel zu diesem Problem, der - leider - nichts an Aktualität verloren zu haben scheint:

http://kefk.org/blog/2010/09/23/smart_werte_ueber_usb_auslesen

Deswegen meine Frage an diejenigen unter Euch, die schon länger Linux verwenden: Wie lässt sich die Qualität externer Speichermedien abschätzen?

Mir ist schon bewusst, dass auch die S.M.A.R.T.-Werte nur eine grobe Orientierungshilfe darstellen. Aber dennoch scheint mir ein grober Wert besser als gar keiner zu sein. Ganz konkret möchte ich bei älteren externen Festplatten, die zum Datenbackup verwendet werden, abschätzen können, ob sie noch weiter verwendet werden sollten. Genauso interessant ist es, bei neu gekauften Festplatten zu sehen, ob sie schon Betriebsstunden auf dem Buckel haben oder von Anfang an Fehler aufweisen.

dcurtisfra · April 25, 2017, 6:29pm

Scheinbar nicht: Ich habe eine “am sterbende” SSHD in eine USB 3.0 Festplatten-Gehäuse probiert mit die folgende Ergebnisse:
Eingebunden:


 > mount
.
.
.
dev/sdb10 on /run/media/dcu/1b0141ff-bbf0-4cfd-aa2f-86a7020eac47 type btrfs (rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,space_cache,subvolid=259,subvol=/@/.snapshots/1/snapshot)
 > 

 # smartctl --info /dev/sdb10
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.4.57-18.3-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               ST1000LM
Product:              014-1EJ164
Revision:             LVD3
User Capacity:        1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Tue Apr 25 17:44:11 2017 CEST
SMART support is:     Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.

 #

Das Gleiche wenn nicht eingebunden.
[HR][/HR]Aber, hier: http://kefk.org/blog/2010/09/23/smart_werte_ueber_usb_auslesen


 # smartctl -a /dev/sdb10
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.4.57-18.3-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Vendor:               ST1000LM
Product:              014-1EJ164
Revision:             LVD3
User Capacity:        1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Logical block size:   512 bytes
Device type:          disk
Local Time is:        Tue Apr 25 18:23:57 2017 CEST
SMART support is:     Unavailable - device lacks SMART capability.

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===

Error Counter logging not supported

Device does not support Self Test logging
 # 
 # smartctl -a -d sat,12 /dev/sdb10
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.4.57-18.3-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Model Family:     Seagate Laptop SSHD
Device Model:     ST1000LM014-1EJ164
Serial Number:    W380FTYG
LU WWN Device Id: 5 000c50 06a936622
Firmware Version: LVD3
User Capacity:    1.000.204.886.016 bytes [1,00 TB]
Sector Sizes:     512 bytes logical, 4096 bytes physical
Rotation Rate:    5400 rpm
Device is:        In smartctl database [for details use: -P show]
ATA Version is:   ACS-2, ACS-3 T13/2161-D revision 3b
SATA Version is:  SATA 3.1, 6.0 Gb/s (current: 6.0 Gb/s)
Local Time is:    Tue Apr 25 18:24:29 2017 CEST
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
See vendor-specific Attribute list for marginal Attributes.

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x00) Offline data collection activity
                                        was never started.
                                        Auto Offline Data Collection: Disabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0) The previous self-test routine completed
                                        without error or no self-test has ever 
                                        been run.
Total time to complete Offline 
data collection:                (  139) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:                    (0x73) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                                        Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                                        Suspend Offline collection upon new
                                        command.
                                        No Offline surface scan supported.
                                        Self-test supported.
                                        Conveyance Self-test supported.
                                        Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003) Saves SMART data before entering
                                        power-saving mode.
                                        Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01) Error logging supported.
                                        General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine 
recommended polling time:        (   1) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:        ( 195) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:        (   2) minutes.
SCT capabilities:              (0x1081) SCT Status supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 10
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x000f   120   096   006    Pre-fail  Always       -       241116112
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0003   098   098   000    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   099   099   020    Old_age   Always       -       1930
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   100   100   010    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x000f   072   060   030    Pre-fail  Always       -       8629602410
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   097   097   000    Old_age   Always       -       2875
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0013   100   100   097    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   099   099   020    Old_age   Always       -       1973
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   099   099   099    Old_age   Always   FAILING_NOW 1
187 Reported_Uncorrect      0x0032   001   001   000    Old_age   Always       -       456
188 Command_Timeout         0x0032   100   099   000    Old_age   Always       -       47
189 High_Fly_Writes         0x003a   093   093   000    Old_age   Always       -       7
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   064   042   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 36 (0 26 36 22 0)
191 G-Sense_Error_Rate      0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       289
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   094   094   000    Old_age   Always       -       13780
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   036   058   000    Old_age   Always       -       36 (0 18 0 0 0)
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0012   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0010   100   100   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x003e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       2
254 Free_Fall_Sensor        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
ATA Error Count: 457 (device log contains only the most recent five errors)
        CR = Command Register [HEX]
        FR = Features Register [HEX]
        SC = Sector Count Register [HEX]
        SN = Sector Number Register [HEX]
        CL = Cylinder Low Register [HEX]
        CH = Cylinder High Register [HEX]
        DH = Device/Head Register [HEX]
        DC = Device Command Register [HEX]
        ER = Error register [HEX]
        ST = Status register [HEX]
Powered_Up_Time is measured from power on, and printed as
DDd+hh:mm:SS.sss where DD=days, hh=hours, mm=minutes,
SS=sec, and sss=millisec. It "wraps" after 49.710 days.

Error 457 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2823 hours (117 days + 15 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 80 f4 c3 05  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x05c3f480 = 96728192

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:42.898  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:20:42.897  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:38.938  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:20:38.936  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:34.965  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 456 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2823 hours (117 days + 15 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 80 f4 c3 05  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x05c3f480 = 96728192

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:38.938  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:20:38.936  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:34.965  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:20:34.965  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:31.060  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 455 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2823 hours (117 days + 15 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 80 f4 c3 05  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x05c3f480 = 96728192

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:34.965  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:20:34.965  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:31.060  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:20:31.059  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:27.167  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 454 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2823 hours (117 days + 15 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 80 f4 c3 05  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x05c3f480 = 96728192

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:31.060  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:20:31.059  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:27.167  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:20:27.165  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:23.274  READ FPDMA QUEUED

Error 453 occurred at disk power-on lifetime: 2823 hours (117 days + 15 hours)
  When the command that caused the error occurred, the device was active or idle.

  After command completion occurred, registers were:
  ER ST SC SN CL CH DH
  -- -- -- -- -- -- --
  40 51 00 80 f4 c3 05  Error: UNC at LBA = 0x05c3f480 = 96728192

  Commands leading to the command that caused the error were:
  CR FR SC SN CL CH DH DC   Powered_Up_Time  Command/Feature_Name
  -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --  ----------------  --------------------
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:27.167  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  2f 00 01 10 00 00 00 00      00:20:27.165  READ LOG EXT
  60 00 00 c0 f3 c3 45 00      00:20:23.274  READ FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 18 6c 1f 40 00      00:20:23.272  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED
  61 00 08 f8 78 1f 40 00      00:20:23.272  WRITE FPDMA QUEUED

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Vendor (0x50)       Completed without error       00%      2838         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2838         -
# 3  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2838         -
# 4  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      2835         -
# 5  Vendor (0x50)       Completed without error       00%      2832         -
# 6  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2832         -
# 7  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2831         -
# 8  Conveyance offline  Completed without error       00%      2831         -
# 9  Vendor (0x50)       Completed without error       00%      2830         -
#10  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2830         -
#11  Extended offline    Aborted by host               90%      2830         -
#12  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      2830         -
#13  Vendor (0x50)       Completed: read failure       90%      2823         96728192
#14  Short offline       Completed: read failure       80%      2823         96728192
#15  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%      2821         96728192
#16  Short offline       Completed: read failure       90%      2807         96728192
#17  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      2807         96728192
#18  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      2807         96728192
#19  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      2806         96728192
#20  Extended offline    Completed: read failure       90%      2806         96728192
#21  Vendor (0x50)       Completed without error       00%      2745         -
8 of 8 failed self-tests are outdated by newer successful extended offline self-test # 4

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

 #

dcurtisfra · April 25, 2017, 6:31pm

Und, SMART “Gesundheit” funktioniert auch:


 # smartctl --health -d sat,12 /dev/sdb10
smartctl 6.2 2013-11-07 r3856 [x86_64-linux-4.4.57-18.3-default] (SUSE RPM)
Copyright (C) 2002-13, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
Please note the following marginal Attributes:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
184 End-to-End_Error        0x0032   099   099   099    Old_age   Always   FAILING_NOW 1
190 Airflow_Temperature_Cel 0x0022   062   042   045    Old_age   Always   In_the_past 38 (0 26 38 22 0)

 #

TX4278123 · April 26, 2017, 6:02pm

Vielen Dank für die Antworten.

Es funktioniert jetzt auch bei mir. Den entscheidenden Hinweis habe ich dem entsprechenden Ubuntu-Wiki ‘Problembehebung bei externen USB-Gehäusen mit Wandler-Chip’ entnommen (https://wiki.ubuntuusers.de/Festplattenstatus/#Problembehebung).

Entweder wie dort beschrieben über Konsole. Oder mit GSmartControl: Optionen -> Einstellungen -> SmartCtl Invocation -> SmartCtl Parameters: -A -d sat

Dann kommt auch nicht mehr die Fehlermeldung: Unknown USB bridge

dcurtisfra · April 26, 2017, 7:22pm

Bitte.

Kleine Anmerkung: das ‘smartctl -d sat’ Option muss in die Regel mit “sat,12” angegeben weil, defaultmäßig ist “sat,16” gemeint und, dass (16) ist für die USB Wandler Halbleiter der falsche Wert.

Das “smartctl” “man Seite” (leider nur auf Englisch) gibt die Erklärung:

-d TYPE, --device=TYPE
sat,auto],N] - the device type is SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT). This is for ATA disks that have a
SCSI to ATA Translation (SAT) Layer (SATL) between the disk and the operating system. SAT defines two
ATA PASS THROUGH SCSI commands, one 12 bytes long and the other 16 bytes long. The default is the 16
byte variant which can be overridden with either ´-d sat,12´ or ´-d sat,16´.

          If  ´-d  sat,auto´  is specified, device type SAT (for ATA/SATA disks) is only used if the SCSI INQUIRY
          data reports a SATL (VENDOR: "ATA     ").  Otherwise device type SCSI (for SCSI/SAS disks) is used.

TX4278123 · April 28, 2017, 4:39pm

Kleine Anmerkung: das ‘smartctl -d sat’ Option muss in die Regel mit “sat,12” angegeben weil, defaultmäßig ist “sat,16” gemeint und, dass (16) ist für die USB Wandler Halbleiter der falsche Wert.

Auch für diesen Hinweis nochmals Dank.

Ich habe den Test bei einer fünf Jahre alten externen USB-Festplatte jetzt einmal mit “sat,12” und einmal mit “sat,16” durchgeführt. Es kommen exakt dieselben S.M.A.R.T.-Ergebniswerte heraus.