If your looking for a good book try
Dietel - C++ How to Program 5th Edition
For starting out I highly recommend using Kate as your text editor because it has built in file browser and terminal emulator so for learning where you only have to compile a few files at most this works out great, plus it knows how to syntax highlight c++.
Geany is a nice lightweight IDE that could be okay to learn on probably.
Later once you know what your doing and projects get complex you can try some of the other IDES
Netbeans - Many languages, great C++ support including QT in upcoming version - My Preferred IDE for large projects plus it has standalone C++ version. Cross platform
Eclipse - Many languages, Good ide but somehow like Vi just couldn’t get into it. Cross platform
Designers:
QtDesigner for qt applications (kde)
Glade for gtk (gnome)
Glade Interface Designer (Glade 3) for gtk (gnome)
If your planning on doing qt/ kde development I can recommend the following book:
C++ GUI Programming With Qt 4 (2006).chm By JasminBlanchette, MarkSummerfield
Unfortunately I don’t know off hand of any good gtk books.
Note too that you can install the source for almost any of the Linux apps you installed so can just look at the source code for examples of code. Your best bet here is kde/qt stuff as most linux stuff is still written in C.
There is a nice C++ IDE for linux called codeblocs., check it :P, and about C++ learning, what do you want? Just to learn C++ or more? If you want more, you should check www.topcoder.com/tc, there are a lot of programming tutorials, programming problems, writing software problems, etc.
My university teaches an intro to C++ using the book “Thinking in C++”. It can be downloaded from the author’s website for free, as a multi page html document, at: