In console the resolution/frequency/bitmode may be different, I think, and whatever driver is controling it (fbdev?) may be getting it wrong.
If you boot straight into level 3 do you have this problem?
If your monitor have an auto setting button, did you try it (or is this Vaio a laptop)?
If you try a liveCD do you have this problem also?
I have no idea how to change fbdev settings, I think it’s part of X, perhaps Xorg.0.log (where it log the various driver tests) will give you a clue.
You are experiencing a typical problem with Nvidia drivers. I have scourged and scourged and ran across some “solutions” that have never worked for me.
I think what brunomcl is talking about was one of those “solutions” - it didn’t work for me, but feel free to explore it.
Booting into level 3 don’t present this problem.
It’s a Vaio laptop.
I’ll try a liveCD, but in the meantime I’ve discovered the Nouveau driver is not affected by this problem and virtual consoles run perfectly.
But it has many others…
I figured out how to get the virtual consoles back using a Nvidia driver. You have to install uvesafb and let it replace vesa.
Some Arch instructions: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Uvesafb that worked for me.